2023 was a monumental year for the development of Singapore case law on restructuring and insolvency.

1. A crucial element to any scheme of arrangement is the question of how creditors are to be classed for voting purposes. In this regard, while the proper test for the classification of scheme creditors is well established, the increasing sophistication of restructuring deals have resulted in recent decisions that reveal finer aspects to the implementation of this test. This article explores the practical issues that appear to be arising with increasing frequency in relation to the composition of creditor classes. 

I. Introduction

The Court of Appeal has, in Foo Kian Beng v OP3 International Pte Ltd (in liquidation) [2024] SGCA 10 (OP3 International), comprehensively considered the contours of a director’s duty to consider the interest of creditors in certain circumstances (Creditor Duty). In this important decision, the apex court examined when the Creditor Duty first becomes engaged as well as the nature, scope and content of the duty.

There are unique risks that lenders should consider when extending credit to a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). The rights that a lender might expect to have when lending to an incorporated company are not necessarily the same as when lending to a REIT.